{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-1035", "assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "redhat", "dateReserved": "2026-01-16T07:03:59.680Z", "datePublished": "2026-01-21T05:52:22.495Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-01-21T05:52:22.495Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"title": "Org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: keycloak refresh token reuse bypass via toctou race condition", "metrics": [{"other": {"content": {"value": "Low", "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/"}, "type": "Red Hat severity rating"}}, {"cvssV3_1": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 3.1, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "format": "CVSS"}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "A flaw was found in the Keycloak server during refresh token processing, specifically in the TokenManager class responsible for enforcing refresh token reuse policies. When strict refresh token rotation is enabled, the validation and update of refresh token usage are not performed atomically. This allows concurrent refresh requests to bypass single-use enforcement and issue multiple access tokens from the same refresh token. As a result, Keycloak\u2019s refresh token rotation hardening can be undermined."}], "affected": [{"vendor": "Red Hat", "product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak", "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "packageName": "rhbk/keycloak-rhel9", "defaultStatus": "affected", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:"]}, {"vendor": "Red Hat", "product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8", "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html", "packageName": "keycloak-services", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8"]}, {"vendor": "Red Hat", "product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack", "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html", "packageName": "keycloak-services", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp"]}, {"vendor": "Red Hat", "product": "Red Hat Single Sign-On 7", "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "packageName": "keycloak-services", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7"]}], "references": [{"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1035", "tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_REDHAT"]}, {"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430314", "name": "RHBZ#2430314", "tags": ["issue-tracking", "x_refsource_REDHAT"]}], "datePublic": "2026-01-21T00:00:00.000Z", "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-367", "description": "Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}], "x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition", "workarounds": [{"lang": "en", "value": "To mitigate this issue, configure the `refreshTokenMaxReuse` policy in Keycloak to a value greater than zero. This prevents the race condition by allowing a limited number of reuses for refresh tokens, thereby maintaining the integrity of the Refresh Token Rotation hardening measure. Consult Keycloak documentation for specific configuration instructions. Changes to Keycloak configuration typically require a service restart or redeployment to take effect."}], "timeline": [{"lang": "en", "time": "2026-01-16T06:45:27.223000+00:00", "value": "Reported to Red Hat."}, {"lang": "en", "time": "2026-01-21T00:00:00+00:00", "value": "Made public."}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Red Hat would like to thank Mohamed Amine ait Ouchebou (mrecho) (Indiesecurity) for reporting this issue."}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749", "shortName": "redhat", "dateUpdated": "2026-01-21T05:52:22.495Z"}, "x_generator": {"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"}}}}

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{"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "A flaw was found in the Keycloak server during refresh token processing, specifically in the TokenManager class responsible for enforcing refresh token reuse policies. When strict refresh token rotation is enabled, the validation and update of refresh token usage are not performed atomically. This allows concurrent refresh requests to bypass single-use enforcement and issue multiple access tokens from the same refresh token. As a result, Keycloak\u2019s refresh token rotation hardening can be undermined."}], "id": "CVE-2026-1035", "lastModified": "2026-01-21T06:15:46.937", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 3.1, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.6, "impactScore": 1.4, "source": "secalert@redhat.com", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2026-01-21T06:15:46.937", "references": [{"source": "secalert@redhat.com", "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1035"}, {"source": "secalert@redhat.com", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430314"}], "sourceIdentifier": "secalert@redhat.com", "vulnStatus": "Received", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-367"}], "source": "secalert@redhat.com", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"acknowledgement": "Red Hat would like to thank Mohamed Amine ait Ouchebou (mrecho) (Indiesecurity) for reporting this issue.", "bugzilla": {"description": "org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: Keycloak Refresh Token Reuse Bypass via TOCTOU Race Condition", "id": "2430314", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430314"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "3.1", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-367", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Keycloak server during refresh token processing, specifically in the TokenManager class responsible for enforcing refresh token reuse policies. When strict refresh token rotation is enabled, the validation and update of refresh token usage are not performed atomically. This allows concurrent refresh requests to bypass single-use enforcement and issue multiple access tokens from the same refresh token. As a result, Keycloak\u2019s refresh token rotation hardening can be undermined."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "To mitigate this issue, configure the `refreshTokenMaxReuse` policy in Keycloak to a value greater than zero. This prevents the race condition by allowing a limited number of reuses for refresh tokens, thereby maintaining the integrity of the Refresh Token Rotation hardening measure. Consult Keycloak documentation for specific configuration instructions. Changes to Keycloak configuration typically require a service restart or redeployment to take effect."}, "name": "CVE-2026-1035", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhbk/keycloak-rhel9", "product_name": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "keycloak-services", "product_name": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "keycloak-services", "product_name": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "keycloak-services", "product_name": "Red Hat Single Sign-On 7"}], "public_date": "2026-01-21T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-1035\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1035"], "statement": "This vulnerability is rated LOW for Red Hat. A race condition in the Keycloak TokenManager allows an attacker to bypass the refreshTokenMaxReuse security policy when it is explicitly configured for strict single-use (set to zero). This enables a single refresh token to be exchanged for multiple valid access tokens through concurrent requests, undermining the Refresh Token Rotation hardening measure.", "threat_severity": "Low"}

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